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✔️Why in News- Recently, the Nagaland Government appealed to all Naga political groups and extremist groups to cooperate in establishing unity, reconciliation, and peace in the region.
The peace process between the central government and two sets of Naga extremist groups has been delayed for more than 23 years.
Peace Initiatives:
Shillong Accord (1975): A peace accord was signed in Shillong in which the NNC leadership agreed to give up arms.
However, several leaders refused to accept the agreement, which led to the split of the NNC.
Ceasefire Agreement (1997): The NSCN-IM signed a ceasefire agreement with the government to stop attacks on Indian armed forces. In return, the government would stop all counter-insurgency offensive operations.
Framework Agreement (2015): In this agreement, the Government of India recognised the unique history, culture, and position of the Nagas and their sentiments and aspirations.
Recently, the State government decided to prepare the Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland but later due to pressure from various fractions, the decision was put on hold.
Issues:
The 2015 agreement apparently made the peace process inclusive but it created suspicion about the central government exploiting divisions within the Nagas on tribal and geopolitical lines.
The issue of integration of contiguous Naga-inhabited areas of Manipur, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in view of the demand for territorial unification of ‘Greater Nagalim’ will trigger violent clashes in the different affected states.
Another major hindrance to the peace process in Nagaland is the existence of more than one organization, each claiming to be representative of the Nagas.
❓Way Forward
The Centre must negotiate with all the factions and groups of the Insurgents to have a long-lasting peace. Further, their cultural, historical, and territorial extent must be taken into consideration.
Any arrangement to be worked out should lead to social and political harmony, economic prosperity, and protection of the life and property of all tribes and citizens of the states.
Another way of dealing with the issue can be maximum decentralisation of powers to the tribal heads and minimum centralization at the apex level, which should mainly work towards facilitating governance and undertaking large development projects.
Greater autonomy for the Naga-inhabited areas in these states can be provided which would encompass separate budget allocations for the Naga-inhabited areas with regard to their culture and development issues.
Moreover, the Centre must keep in mind that most of the armed insurgencies across the world do not end in either total victory or comprehensive defeat, but in a grey, a zone called ‘compromise’.
